The Verb 'avoir' (To Have) In French

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Written byAmélie Pinon

The verb avoir means to 'to have' in French. Here you'll learn how to conjugate it in the different tenses.

Avoir is the French equivalent of “to have” and it's just as important in French as it is in English.

Besides being a verb, it is one of 2 helper verbs (the other being être).

The majority of compound tenses are built with avoir.

Once you’ve mastered avoir and être and the participe passé of the verbs to be conjugated, you’ve mastered the compound tenses.

The compound tenses of avoir use the simple tenses of avoir as auxiliaries.

Indicatif

Présent Imparfait Passé Simple Futur Simple
j’
tu
il, elle, on
nous
vous
ils, elles
ai
as
a
avons
avez
ont
avais
avais
avait
avions
aviez
avaient
eus
eus
eut
eûmes
eûtes
eurent
aurai
auras
aura
aurons
aurez
auront

Compound tenses

Passé Composé Plus que Parfait Passé Antérieur Futur Antérieur
j’
tu
il, elle, on
nous
vous
ils, elles
ai eu
as eu
a eu
avons eu
avez eu
ont eu
avais eu
avais eu
avait eu
avions eu
aviez eu
avaient eu
eus eu
eus eu
eut eu
eûmes eu
eûtes eu
eurent eu
aurai eu
auras eu
aura eu
aurons eu
aurez eu
auront eu

Subjunctive

Présent Imparfait Passé Plus que Parfait
que j’
que tu
qu’il, elle, on
que nous
que vous
qu’ils, elles
aie
aies
ait
ayons
ayez
aient
eusse
eusses
eût
eussions
eussiez
eussent
aie eu
aies eu
ait eu
ayons eu
ayez eu
aient eu
eusse eu
eusses eu
eût eu
eussions eu
eussiez eu
eussent eu

Conditionnel

Présent Passé Passé 2nd form
j’
tu
il, elle, on
nous
vous
ils, elles
aurais
aurais
aurait
aurions
auriez
auraient
aurais eu
aurais eu
aurait eu
aurions eu
auriez eu
auraient eu
eusse eu
eusses eu
eût eu
eussions eu
eussiez eu
eussent eu

Impératif

Présent Passé
(tu) (nous)
(vous)
aie ! ayons !
ayez !
aie eu !

ayons eu !
ayez eu !
  • infinitif: avoir
  • participe présent: ayant
  • participe passé: eu

Sample sentences using avoir

Présent:

J’ai un chat.

I have a cat.

Imparfait:

Elle avait une maison.

She had a house.

Passé simple:

Nous eûmes du succès.

We had success.

Futur Simple:

Ils auront des victoires.

They will have victories.

Passé Composé:

J’ai eu un appel.

I have had a call.

Plus que Parfait:

Tu avais eu du dessert.

You had had dessert.

Passé Antérieur:

Elle eut eu son divorce.

She had had her divorce.

Futur Antérieur:

Vous aurez eu raison.

You will have been right.

Présent du Subjonctif:

Je ne pense pas que vous ayez un choix.

I do not think that you have a choice.

Imparfait du Subjonctif:

Il y avait trop de preuves pour que nous eussions trop de doutes.

There was too much evidence for us to have too many doubts.

Passé du Subjonctif:

Il faut qu’ils aient eu peur pour partir si vite.

They must have been afraid to leave so quickly.

Plus que Parfait du Subjonctif:

Il ne doutait pas que son interlocuteur eût eu du succès dans le passé.

He didn’t doubt that his interlocutor had had success in the past.

Conditionnel:

Si j’avais mangé ce matin, je n’aurais pas faim.

If I had eaten this morning, I would not be hungry.

Impératif:

Aie pitié!

Have mercy!

Infinitif:

Avoir foi.

To have faith.

Participe présent:

Ayant trop de problèmes, le candidat se retira de la campagne.

Having too many problems, the candidate retired from the campaign.

Participe passé:

Nous avons eu un voyage sans problèmes.

We had a journey without problems.
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The Verb 'avoir' (To Have) In French
The verb 'avoir' in French literally means 'to have' so it's used frequently. Here's how to conjugate it.
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